ROOT AND SHOOT SYSTEM IN PLANTS

1.1.1 ROOT SYSTEM Roots are the underground parts of the plants forming a system specialized for absorption of water and minerals from the soil (Figure 1.2).

The initial root which grows from the radical of the embryo is the Primary Root or Tap Root. Its further branches from Secondary and Tertiary root system. The tips of roots and shoots in plants consist of meristematic tissues formed by the cell specialized for growth. These cells increase in number by rapid cell division.

Root tip is covered by hard and protective structure called Root Cap. It protects the newly born soft cells from being damaged and environmental stresses. It enables root tip to grow through soil. More and more cells are formed by rapid cell divisions in this region causing the root to grow deep into the soil and elongate the root behind. The Region of Maturation has root hairs.

Root hairs are thread like outgrowths of epidermal cells which increase the surface area for absorption of water. Plants, like grasses and strawberry have thread like roots spread in soil but not growing deep. Such roots are called Fibrous Roots.